The Metaphysics of Time: From Western Philosophy to Dependent Origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda)

Abstract

This academic article aims to examine the metaphysics of time by comparing Western philosophical perspectives with the Buddhist principle of Dependent Origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda). The study explores the nature of time, causal interdependence, and the existence of phenomena from both traditions. The findings reveal that Western philosophy generally interprets time as a dimension of existence or a structure of reality, whereas Dependent Origination understands time as a framework of causal relationships through which phenomena arise, persist, and cease in accordance with natural law.

The study further demonstrates that, although both perspectives reject the notion of time as an entirely independent entity and emphasize the interconnectedness of reality, Buddhism applies this understanding to the cultivation of wisdom, the realization of causality, and the cessation of suffering. Accordingly, this article proposes that Dependent Origination provides a coherent metaphysical framework for understanding time as a dynamic process of interdependence, change, and conditioned arising, thereby offering an integrative perspective that bridges Western philosophy and Buddhist philosophy.